Final Paper - Table of Contents
November 2000

• 1. Introduction
• 2. The Context and Scope of the Case Study.
• 2.1 The Norwegian Context
• 2.2 Historical Context - Water Use Interests
• 2.3 The Glomma and Lågen Basin
• 2.3.1 G&L basin user interests.
• 2.3.2 G&L basin facts
• 2.3.3 The G&L basin as an Ecological System.
• 2.3.4 Basin Planning and Management
• 2.4 Objectives, Components and Design Characteristics of the G&L Basin Development Project
• 3. Projected and Actual Impacts of the G&L Basin Hydropower Development
• 3.1 Hydropower
• 3.1.1 Predicted versus Actual Hydropower Production.
• 3.1.2 Predicted versus Actual Schedules and Timing of Hydropower Projects.
• 3.1.3 Predicted versus Actual Costs.
• 3.1.4 Unexpected Impacts and Other Issues of Hydropower Development
• 3.1.5 Atmospheric pollutants Avoided by Not Using Fossil Fuel Power Plants.
• 3.2 Flood control
• 3.2.1 Predicted versus actual flood benefits
• 3.2.2 Actual flood benefits from regulation reservoirs
• 3.2.3 Power production versus flood reduction.
• 3.2.4 Flood Damage
• 3.3 Irrigation and Agriculture
• 3.4 Municipal and Industrial Water Supply.
• 3.5 Recreation, Tourism and Fishing.
• 3.5.1 Recreation and Tourism.
• 3.5.2 Fisheries
• 3.6 Social Effects.
• 3.7 Regional and National Effects.
• 3.7.1 The hydropower sector in Norwegian economy
• 3.7.2 Earnings for the G&L region
• 3.8 Ecological Effects.
• 3.8.1 Predicted and observed effects
• 3.8.2 Mitigation measures.
• 3.9 Cultural Heritage
• 3.10 Summary of findings on Predicted, Actual and Unexpected outcomes.
• 4. Distributional Analysis
• 4.1 Distribution of income and taxes from production of hydropower
• 4.2 Distribution matrix
• 5. The hydropower policy evolution, planning and decision making in Norway in 20^th century with a reference to the G&L-basin
• 5.1 Introduction and approach.
• 5.2 The G&L-basin layout
• 5.3 Early developments in the G&L-basin
• 5.4 The formation of a national waterfall policy and a legal system
• 5.5 The formation of GB
• 5.6 The formation of GLB
• 5.7 The license laws - the conflict over policy formation continues
• 5.8 The new water resource administration
• 5.9 Projects in the G&L-basin between 1920 and 1945.
• 5.10 The era of physical development.
• 5.11 Criticism in the 60s, 70s and 80s and changes of the decision making system
• 5.12 Changes in the licensing system
• 5.13 The Protection Plan for Watercourses.
• 5.14 The National Park system
• 5.15 The Master Plan for hydropower development projects
• 5.16 GLB and the G&L-basin through the 70s, 80s and 90s.
• 5.17 The liberal shift in electricity markets - consequences for planning and decision making
• 5.18 A case study extending to present days: The development of the watercourse Øvre Otta (River Upper Otta)
• 6. The G&L Basin Operation.
• 6.1 Basin Operation and Management Issues.
• 6.2 Institutional Mechanisms and Roles in Basin Operation
• 6.3 The Glommen's and Laagen's Water Management Association - GLB
• 6.3.1 Organisation and objectives
• 6.3.2 GLB Strategy for Total Basin Operation and Energy Production.
• 6.3.3 GLB involvement in management issues raised by reservoir operation licences.
• 6.3.4 GLB involvement in other water management issues
• 7. Summary of Findings.
• 7.1 Projected versus actual benefits, costs and impacts
• 7.2 Unexpected costs, benefits and impacts.
• 7.3 Distribution of cost, benefits and impacts (who won and who lost)
• 7.4 Compliance with criteria and guidelines of the day.
• 7.5 How were decisions made?
• 7.6 The G&L hydropower development in today's context
• 7.7 Timeline in G&L development
• 8. Lessons Learned
• 9. Stakeholder Views on Effects and Development Effectiveness of Hydropower Development
• References

List of Annexes

• Annex 1: The WCD mandate and case study procedure
• Annex 2: The Hydrology of the G&L Basin
• Annex 3: G&L basin Master Plan projects and Protection Plan (I-IV) projects
• Annex 4: Market Reform in the Norwegian electric energy sector
• Annex 5: The 1995-flood in south-eastern Norway - its forecasting and its abatement
• Annex 6: Mitigation efforts in the G&L basin
• Annex 7: Hydropower impacts and general effects on ecosystems
• Annex 8: The plan and application process
• Annex 9: Stakeholder views questionnaire