Appendix C

Major Stakeholder Categories

Stakeholder Category, Organization(s), Description of Role

1 FEDERAL
U.S. Bureau of Reclamation
The Bureau of Reclamation owns and operates over twenty major dams and reservoirs on the basin, most notably Grand Coulee in Washington and Hungry Horse in Montana (Flathead River). It's Congressional mandate is to provide "construction and maintenance" of projects "for the storage, diversion, and development of waters for the reclamation of arid and semi-arid lands in the Western US." Projects along these lines include dams, water storage facilities, and irrigation works. Original focus was purely on irrigation, but authorized uses of Reclamation water now include hydropower, municipal and industrial uses, recreation, and fish and wildlife mitigation and enhancement. Reclamation is authorized to construct and operate irrigation works at the federal dams operated by the ACE and may also delegate authority to manage irrigation works to project beneficiaries (e.g., irrigation districts)

2 FEDERAL
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
The Corps is responsible for managing and operating over twenty major federal dams on the mainstem Columbia, lower Snake, and other tributaries to each river (including Bonneville). It is primarily responsible for day-to-day operations and maintenance of the Federal Columbia River Power System (hydropower from 12 ACE dams) on the lower Snake and mainstem Columbia Rivers. Its objectives include: flood control, navigation, fish passage, hydropower, recreation, and fish and wildlife. The Corps also maintains locks and river channels for navigation, operates fish passage facilities at dams, and administers the federal wetlands development permits program

3 FEDERAL
Bonneville Power Administration
BPA is part of the Department of Energy. Responsible for marketing and distribution of power produced by federal hydroelectric projects on the Columbia River and its tributaries. This includes operating the power transmission and distribution system, setting power rates, selling power to customers in the NW and outside the region, and acquiring additional power generation resources for future needs. The BPA is also responsible for encouraging energy efficiency, protecting and enhancing fish and wildlife populations affected by the operation of the Federal Columbia River Power System (see ACE description above)

4 FEDERAL
National Marine Fisheries Service
The NMFS is part of NOAA within the Department of Commerce. Responsible for protecting marine mammals and anadromous fish (e.g., salmon) in the basin.

5 FEDERAL
National Park Service, Lake Roosevelt National Recreation Area
The NPS is a part of the DOI. The mission of the National Park Service is "...to promote and regulate the use of the...national parks...which purpose is to conserve the scenery and the natural and historic objects and the wild life therein and to provide for the enjoyment of the same in such manner and by such means as will leave them unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations." This organization is responsible for managing the various activities that take place in the Lake Roosevelt National Recreation Area including water skiing, boating, bird watching, picnicking, interpretive talks, fishing, hunting, and hiking. It also maintains the visitor center, lodging and camping facilities, food and supplies, and other concessions.

6 IRRIGATION, IRRIGATION-FARM
CBP Irrigation Districts, Farmers, and other agricultural interests
Irrigation districts are responsible for delivering irrigation water to farms and other entities in their respective jurisdictions. Some districts also provide municipal drinking water. They are non-profit public organizations and operate as political entities of Washington state. Their responsibilities include constructing and maintaining canals, operating and maintaining water distribution pumps, and collecting fees from farms and other entities that receive irrigation water. The three main irrigation districts in Washington affected by the Columbia Basin Project are the East, South, and Quincy districts.
Farmers and other agricultural interests are the main recipients of irrigation water provided by Lake Roosevelt. Water from the CBP, along with the extensive network of canals, tunnels, reservoirs, and pumping plants which make up the project, currently provide water to over half a million acres. With additional canals and pumping facilities, the project has the potential to irrigate over 1 million acres of Columbia basin farmland. The farms that use most of the CBP water are located in Grant, Franklin, and Grant counties.

7 INTERSTATE
Northwest Power Planning Council
An interstate compact agency authorized by the Northwest Power Act of 1980. It is comprised of 8 members, two each from the four states in the basin: Idaho, Montana, Oregon, and Washington, who are appointed according to appointment laws of their states. The NPPC's main mandate is the administer two programs: 1) regional electric power and conservation plan, 2) basin-wide fish and wildlife program.

8 FISH
e.g., Fishermen's associations, commercial fishing companies
Organizations representing the interests of the commercial fishing industry, both marine and inland.

9 FISH-NGO
e.g., Save the Salmon, Trout Unlimited
These organizations are interested in maintaining fish runs and protecting threatened and endangered species of fish in the basin, particularly salmon.

10 NGO
e.g., EDF, Sierra Club, American Rivers
These organizations are interested in protecting the natural environment of the river and its watershed.

11INDUSTRY
e.g., barge companies
Organizations in this category represent other industries that are impacted by the operation of the dams and other basin activities.

12 MINING
e.g., Kaiser Aluminum Mining, Alcoa
The mining industry was a major beneficiary of the dam's power generation. Low power prices subsidized the growth of this industry by keeping operating costs low.

13 FEDERAL
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
The FWS resides within the DOI. This organization is responsible for conservation, protection, and enhancement of the basin's fish and wildlife and their habitat. Responsibilities include protecting migratory birds, endangered species, certain marine mammals, and fresh water fish.

14 FEDERAL
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
EPA Region 10 serves Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, Washington, and 267 Indian tribes. Its responsibilities include development of water quality standards and administration of the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). The purpose of the system is to regulate industrial and municipal discharges of pollutants to surface waters in the Pacific Northwest and Alaska thereby protecting lakes, rivers, streams, coastal estuaries, and seas for both humans and aquatic life.

15 STATE-WA
Washington State Government Agencies (e.g., Dept. of Env. Quality, Dept. of Fish and Wildlife, Forest Service,
Water Resources)
State equivalents to their federal counterparts.

16 LOCAL
e.g., City Manager's Office for Grand Coulee, WA; Grand Coulee Chamber of Commerce; homeowner's associations
Organizations representing the interests of citizens, businesses, and other entities in the immediate vicinity of the dam.

17 UTILITIES
e.g., Grant County PUD
Organizations that are either customers' of Bonneville Power or owners/operators of non-federal hydropower plants.

18 TRIBES
e.g., Columbia River Inter Tribal Fish Commission (Representing 4 tribes), Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation, Spokane Tribes, and other tribal entities affected by the dam/basin activities
Organizations representing the interests of the tribes on fishing or other aspects of the dam/basin development.

19 RECREATION
e.g., river runners association, yacht club
Organizations representing the interests of boaters, kayakers, sport fisherman, tourists, etc. that use and enjoy the amenities of the Columbia River and Lake Roosevelt National Recreation Area

20 PROJ-AFF ENTITIES
Project-affected people and organizations not captured by any other category, such as those individuals whose homes were inundated by Lake Roosevelt.

21 FEDERAL
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
Regulates non-federal (e.g., private or regional) hydroelectric projects. Responsible for carrying out the Federal Power Act. In addition, is responsible for enforcing the ESA, NEPA, and the CWA.

22 OTHER FEDERAL
International Joint Commission
Bureau of Land Management
Involved in treaty between Canada and the U.S. concerning use, protection, and development of the Columbia River (e.g., salmon, hydropower, etc.).
Within DOI. Responsible for management of public lands in the basin. Its duties include authorizing and monitoring timber harvest, grazing, access, recreation, and any other activities that occur on public land. While the BLM has no direct control over flood control, irrigation, or hydropower, except as explicitly dictated, it does have authority over activities that affect these resources. In addition, the BLM can apply for water rights, and third, the BLM can use its rights of way authorization to limit adverse affects on public land water resources.

23 STATE-OTHER
Oregon, Idaho, Montana (e.g., Dept. of Env. Quality, Dept. of Fish and Wildlife, Forest Service, Water Resources)
State equivalents to their federal counterparts.

24 CITY
e.g., City Manager's/Mayor's Office for Spokane, Seattle, Portland, Lewiston; Chambers of Commerce in Spokane, Seattle, and Portland.
Organizations and individuals representing the interests of citizens, businesses, and other entities in the basin's major metropolitan areas.

25 CANADA-GOV
e.g., BC Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food
BC Hydro
BC Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks
Environment Canada
Fisheries and Oceans Canada
National and provincial level government agencies that represent the interests of Canada as they relate to the Columbia River Basin and its development.

26 TIMBER
e.g., Emerson Logging, Empire Lumber Company
Organizations representing the interests of the timber industry. Timber activities affect water quality, and in turn affect salmon migration and spawning. For example, logging often turns rivers into highways and holding ponds for logs. This degrades salmon runs and traditional Indian fisheries.

Source: A Survey of Columbia River Basin Water Law Institutions and Policies (Blumm and Swift, 1997)