Final Paper - Table of Contents
November 2000

• 1. The World Commission on Dams Global Case Study Programme
• 2. Context and Scope of the Grand Coulee Dam and Columbia Basin Project Case Study
• 2.1 Major Features of the Columbia River Basin.
• 2.2 Objectives and Components of GCD and CBP
• 2.3 Major Design Characteristics and Time Schedule for Implementation
• 2.3.1 Attributes of the Grand Coulee Dam
• 2.3.2 Description of the Columbia Basin Project
• 2.3.3 Timing of Construction
• 3.Projected and Actual Impacts of the Grand Coulee Dam and Columbia Basin Project
• 3.1 Irrigation
• 3.1.1 Predicted vs. Actual Area Under Irrigation
• 3.1.2 Predicted vs. Actual Agricultural Production
• 3.1.3 Predicted vs. Actual Farm Size
• 3.1.4 Investment Costs and Cost Recovery
• 3.1.5 Secondary or Indirect Benefits
• 3.1.6 Negative Irrigation Effects
• 3.1.7 Benefits from Small Scale Hydropower
• 3.1.8 A Qualitative Benefit-cost Appraisal of CBP
• 3.2 Hydropower
• 3.2.1 Projected vs. Actual Costs for Grand Coulee and its Powerplant
• 3.2.2 Influence of World War II on Hydropower
• 3.2.3 Predicted vs. Actual Power Generation and Capacity
• 3.2.4 Grand Coulee Dam in the Context of the Federal Hydropower System
• 3.2.5 Power Demand and Characteristics of Power Users
• 3.2.6 Economic Benefits of Hydropower Production
• 3.2.7 Unexpected Benefits of Hydropower Production
• 3.3 Flood Control
• 3.3.1 Predicted Benefits
• 3.3.2 Flood Control Operations Before
• 3.3.3 Flood Control Operations After
• 3.3.4Unexpected Flood Control Benefits, Costs, and Impacts
• 3.4Recreation and Tourism
• 3.4.1 Predicted Benefits
• 3.4.2 Actual Recreational Facilities and Use
• 3.4.3 Recreational Issues
• 3.5 Ecosystem Impacts
• 3.5.1Anadromous Fish and the GCD Fish Maintenance Programme
• 3.5.2 Resident Fish
• 3.5.3 Transformation of Ecosystems on CBP Land
• 3.6 Social Effects: Non-indigenous Peoples
• 3.6.1 Construction-related Employment
• 3.6.2 Commercial and Sport Fishing
• 3.6.3 Displacement and Resettlement of Non-indigenous People
• 3.6.4 Development within the Columbia Basin Project Area
• 3.6.5 Social Tension in the US Northwest: the Symbolic Value of Salmon
• 3.7 Effects on Native Americans in the US
• 3.7.1 Pre-Project Conditions
• 3.7.2 Centrality of Salmon to Economic, Cultural, and Spiritual Life
• 3.7.3 Pre-Construction Consultation with Tribes
• 3.7.4 Project Impacts on Native Americans
• 3.7.5 Anadromous Fish
• 3.7.6 Inundated Homes and Communities
• 3.7.7 Burial and Archaeological Sites
• 3.7.8 Riparian Habitat
• 3.7.9 Loss of Access to Columbia Plateau
• 3.7.10 Tribal Health
• 3.7.11 Timber and Mines
• 3.7.12 Modern Tribal Economies
• 3.7.13 Claims Cases
• 3.7.14 Benefits of GCD for Tribes
• 3.8 Effects on First Nations in Canada
• 3.8.1 Pre-Project Conditions
• 3.8.2 Project Impacts on First Nations
• 4. Basin-Wide Impacts and Operations
• 4.1 The 1932 Butler Report as a Plan for the Upper Columbia Basin
• 4.2 Influence of GCD on Decisions to Build other Water Projects in the Basin
• 4.2.1 Effect of GCD on Projects in the US
• 4.2.2 Influence GCD on projects in Canada
• 4.3 Effects of the Treaty Dams on Canadian Resources and People
• 4.3.1 Environmental and Social Impacts of the Treaty Dams
• 4.3.2 Programmes to Compensate Communities Adversely Affected by Canadian Treaty Dams
• 4.4 Cumulative Impacts of Projects on Ecosystems
• 4.4.1 Basin-wide Factors Affecting Anadromous Fish
• 4.4.2 Larger Ecosystem Effects
• 4.5 Cumulative Socioeconomic Impacts
• 4.6 System Operations
• 4.6.1 Major Changes in Operations Over Time
• 4.6.2 Current GCD Operations
• 4.7 Evolution of Basin-wide Planning Institutions
• 5. Distribution of Benefits and Costs
• 5.1Anticipated Beneficiaries and Cost Bearers
• 5.2 Major Project Beneficiaries and Cost Bearers
• 5.2.1 Major Beneficiaries
• 5.2.2 Major Cost Bearers
• 5.3 Stakeholder Perspectives
• 5.3.1 Tribes and Environmental Organisations
• 5.3.2 Cost Allocation and Repayment
• 5.3.3 Cost Allocation
• 5.3.4 Repayment
• 5.3.5 Basin-wide Accounting
• 6. Options Assessments and Decision-making Processes
• 6.1 Decision to Build a Dam at the Grand Coulee
• 6.2 Early Attempts to Compensate Native Americans for Expected Losses
• 6.3 Columbia Basin Joint Investigations
• 6.4 Acreage Limitations and Anti-Speculation Statutes
• 7. Criteria and Guidelines: Policy Evolution and Compliance
• 7.1 Columbia River Treaty
• 7.2 Pacific Northwest Co-ordination Agreement
• 7.3 Authorisation and Construction of Third Powerplant
• 7.4 Environmental Impact Assessment Requirements
• 7.5 Northwest Power Planning Act of
• 7.6 System Operation Review
• 7.7 Endangered Species Act Listings and NMFS Biological Opinions
• 7.8 Decision Not to Irrigate Second-Half Lands
• 7.9 Direct Funding Agreements between Reclamation and BPA
• 8. Lessons Learned
• 8.1 Open Planning Process
• 8.2 Managing Debates on Project Operations
• 8.3 Incorporating Changing Social Values into Operations
• 8.4 Incorporating Changes in Science and Technology into Operations
• 8.5 Sensitivity Analysis of Economic Parameters
• 8.6Developing a Shared Conceptual Framework for Project Appraisal
• 8.7Mechanisms for Ensuring Just Compensation
• 8.8 Limits to Government Planning in a Market Economy
• 8.9 Centralised Versus Decentralised Basin Management Institutions
• 8.10 Actions Having Significant, Irreversible Effects
• 8.11 Cumulative Impact Assessment
• 9. Reflections on the Development Effectiveness of GCD and CBP
• 9.1 Criteria for Gauging Effectiveness
• 9.2 Temporal Shifts in Weights Ascribed to Different Effectiveness Criteria
• 9.3 GCD and CBP: Trade-offs Between Regional Development and Economic Efficiency
• 9.4 GCD and CBP: Trade-offs Between Regional Development, Equity, and the Environment
• References
• Interviews and Personal Communication

List of Annexes

• Annex 1: Consultative Meetings and Comments
• Annex 2: Columbia Basin Project Overview
• Annex 3: Size of Columbia Basin Project Farms
• Annex 4: Costs of Drainage on Columbia Basin Project Lands
• Annex 5: A More Detailed Examination of Hydropower
• Annex 6: Atmospheric Pollutants Avoided
• Annex 7: Use of Statistics for GCD and CBP - related Recreational Facilities
• Annex 8: Grand Coulee Fish Maintenance Program
• Annex 9: Native Americans
• Annex 10: Negotiating the Columbia Basin Treaty
• Annex 11: System Operations - Hydropower, Flood Control and Anadromous Fish Management Activities
• Annex 12: Attempts at Comprehensive Planning for the Columbia River Basin
• Annex 13: Distribution of Benefits and Costs
• Annex 14: List of Stakeholder Interviews
• Annex 15: Shift from Low Dam to High Dam at Grand Coulee
• Annex 16: Decision to Construct the Third Powerplant